西方经济地理学对国家边界及其效应的研究进展   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王亮  刘卫东 《地理科学进展》2010,29(5)

边界作为特殊的区位,受到地理学者的广泛重视。本文通过回顾西方学者对国家边界及其边界效用的研究进展,阐述其当前主要议题,并提出对未来边界及边界效应研究的启示。西方经济地理学对国家边界的研究集中体现在边界效应上。主要经历了以下3个发展阶段:传统区位论对边界的研究主要关注边界作为两国分割线所起到的屏蔽作用;随着全球贸易的激增,20世纪80年代到90年代中期,学者们用大量的数学模型对边界效应及其屏蔽程度进行了深入探讨;近年来,随着全球化进程的深入和区域经济一体化的进展,引起了学者们对一体化和边界效应转化的深入争论。全球化进程中边界和边界效应研究的3大主要议题也随着研究发展阶段贯穿,集中在对边界效应强度的分析,边界地区的一体化效应以及边界效应的转化等方面。根据国外研究进展及我国沿边开放的背景,未来可在边界地区集聚效应、边界地区管治和边界地区合作模式几个方面进行深入研究。  相似文献   

2009年夏季极区电离层加热实验观测研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐彬  王占阁  吴军  许正文  薛昆  吴健 《极地研究》2010,22(4):334-347

2009年夏季,中国在挪威特罗姆瑟(Tromsφ)利用非相干散射雷达进行电离层加热实验。实验中发现了处在150km附近的小范围温度增强事件和150—400km之间的大范围温度增强事件。前者的相对增幅明显,后者的绝对增量更大。对这两类加热事件来说,温度增量百分比均随加热功率的增加线性增长,但对比两类加热事件来看,增长速度随加热频率增大而减小。加热效应存在显著的二维分布特征,加热最强方向处在场向附近。加热效应受加热天线波束指向与地磁场的夹角影响明显,随夹角增大温度增强效应减弱。  相似文献   

辽河三角洲地貌演化(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱龙海  吴建政  徐永臣  胡日军  王楠 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(1):31-48

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.  相似文献   

Impacts of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on annual runoff in the Chaohe River Basin during 1961–2005     

Zijun Li  Xiubin Li  Zhimei Xu 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(6):947-960

Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961–2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station (Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method. The referenced period (1961–1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period (1981–2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961–2005 applying double accumulative curve method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. (2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities. (3) During 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2005 and 1981–2005, the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×10⁸, 0.28×10⁸, 1.10×10⁸ and 0.79×10⁸ m³ respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period.  相似文献   

基于多参数指标的长江口滨岸多环芳烃来源辨析(英文)     

欧冬妮  刘敏  程书波  侯立军  许世远  王丽丽 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(2):283-294

Samples of suspended particulate matters(SPMs),surface sediment and road dust were collected from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas,coastal rivers,and central Shanghai.The samples were analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the USEPA priority-controlled list by GC-MS.The compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of the individual PAHs were also analyzed by GC-C-IRMS.The sources of PAHs in the SPMs and surface sediments in the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal...  相似文献   

基于GIS的高质量约束Delaunay三角网格剖分     

赵晓东  晏小宝  沈永明  王亮 《地理与地理信息科学》2010,26(5)

在分析现有非结构化网格剖分算法的基础上,提出了一种GIS支持下的改进分治算法实现约束Delaunay三角网格剖分.该方法利用了GIS的空间拓扑关系对算法输入数据进行预处理,基于三角形的统一数据结构实现了网格细化,对输出剖分网格进行准确的拓扑和约束条件的检查,并基于推进阵面算法思想,结合空间邻近拓扑关系实现了三角剖分节点和网格的重新编号,方便了实际问题中开边界条件的赋值,提高了计算效率.实例应用表明,该方法大大简化了数值模型非结构化网格剖分的前处理过程,集成了几种综合算法的优点,在保证原分治算法时间复杂度的基础上,提高了约束条件下Delaunay三角网格生成的质量.  相似文献   

四川若尔盖县大骨节病区地质环境特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李亮  安永会  李旭峰  何锦  贾小丰 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(4):126-129

以若尔盖县大骨节病区为例,重点分析了地形地貌、地层岩性、土壤、饮水及饮食结构与大骨节病分布之间的联系与影响。研究发现若尔盖地区大骨节病发病率与地质环境特征有着相对密切的关系,尤其村民饮用水中氟含量与发病率有显著的负相关性。本区的研究结果有力地支持大骨节病的"低氟说"理论,认为低氟是形成大骨节病的首要和主要原因。同时,建议将饮用水中F含量0.25mg/L作为研究区大骨节病是否易发的界线,从而为综合防治若尔盖县大骨节病提供地学依据。  相似文献   

“三滩”傍河水源地地下水水位降落漏斗区水质演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黎涛  马腾  李亮  左鸣放 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(2):10-15

本文在1987～2006年兰州断陷盆地典型水源地地下水环境监测资料基础上,通过2007年10月环境地质补充调查采集地下水样品11组、地表水1组,综合分析了断陷盆地地下水集中开采区浅层地下水水化学特征及时空分布规律,以及黄河条带状为补给区的地下水与开采降落漏斗的水质演变关系。根据多年开采过程中地下水水化学成分的变化及影响因素,阐明了水化学组分与地下水位的密切关系;利用开采量水质时空变化对比资料,得出地下水位下降排泄区与傍河区地下水存在的水力联系。依据本次环境地质调查结果和水样实测数据,进一步论证了傍河区地下水受黄河激发补给因素控制的结论。  相似文献   

东昆仑布尔汗布达早古生代岩浆弧的形成与演化初探          下载免费PDF全文

王秉璋  李积清  付长垒  许海全  李五福 《地球科学》2022,47(4):1253-1270

东昆仑布尔汗布达弧位于东昆中断裂南侧,不同于北昆仑晚古生代-中生代岩浆弧,是东昆仑早古生代岩浆岩广泛分布的地区,对研究原特提斯洋俯冲-增生过程具有重要意义.报道了布尔汗布达地区早古生代岩浆岩岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf和Sr-Nd同位素资料,结合以往研究成果,推断布尔汗布达弧与增生造山作用相关的岩浆活...  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦北部小麦遥感估产方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹瀚民  古丽·加帕尔  于涛  Jeanine UMUHOZA  李旭 《干旱区地理》2022,45(2):488-498

以哈萨克斯坦北部雨养耕作区为研究靶区,基于春小麦产量统计数据和遥感光谱指数,开展了春小麦估产最优预测时期及植被指数分析,采用回归分析、随机森林、支持向量机及双向循环神经网络模型估算春小麦产量,并对比分析了不同模型的模拟精度.结果表明:北哈萨克斯坦州、阿克莫拉州和库斯塔纳州2007—2016年春小麦估产的最佳预测时期为6...  相似文献